Multi-Input and Output radar System (MIMO) is a new type of radar system that has been the subject of much research in recent years due to its many advantages. Meanwhile, the issue of target tracking in MIMO radar systems is of great importance, and providing an efficient solution for it remains an unresolved issue. In this paper, target tracking in MIMO radar systems using optimizing Kalman interactive filter is investigated. The proposed method in this research is the MIMO radar system for the simultaneous tracking of multiple targets. In the assumed system model, the interactive multiple model (IMM) based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is used to understand the effective tracking of the target. Also, the optimization of the multi-objective tracking model in MIMO radar systems has been done by the proposed method using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. This optimization algorithm estimates the fit of each studied response based on the number of energy resources and time consumed. The efficiency of the proposed method in a simulated environment has been evaluated and its performance in tracking multiple targets has been investigated in terms of different criteria. Based on the results of these experiments, the proposed method, in addition to reducing the amount of tracking error, can be effective in reducing energy consumption and reducing the sampling period. Thus, the proposed method will reduce resource consumption in the multi-objective tracking system.

This study addresses interceptor devices to improve the hydrodynamic characteristic of autonomous unmanned surface vehicle (USV). The bulb and rectangular interceptors had molded on a planning hull. This research aims to mitigate drag impact on rectangular interceptors at high speeds. According to this study, a bulb interceptor had a better impact than a rectangular interceptor. This research is based on the finite volume method (FVM) with dynamic fluid-body interaction (DFBI), which captured the ship’s dynamic trim and sinkage. The simulation used an overset mesh technique with two domains as a donor-acceptor cell. Furthermore, numerical calculations using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equation and the k-turbulence model predict the turbulent flow. Grid independence studies and international towing tank conference (ITTC) recommendations have been applied to ensure simulation accuracy. This study reported that the bulb interceptor had effectiveness between 9%-25% compared to the rectangular interceptor at high speed. This research showed that the bulb interceptor had better effectiveness than the rectangular interceptor.

The integrated design method for a missile guidance and control system is such that all the limitations of the subsystems are taken into account during the design in a bid to increase the accuracy and overall performance of the system in the final phase. This will improve efficiency, save time and implementation cost, and as a result, system performance will improve. This article describes the process of designing and simulating the performance of the neural sliding model controller, which was created to guide the missile in a two-dimensional engagement in minimizing the collision time and the miss distance to the target. In the design of the controller, a PID is first considered to evaluate the proposed controller, followed by the design of the neural sliding model controller discussed using neural networks. According to the simulations, it can be shown that the use of this proposed controller and the application of the integrated guidance and control model will reduce the final miss distance and the collision time compared to the PID controller.

Climatic conditions and soil properties such as salinity are very important and influential factors in vegetation of any region. The salinity of the groundwater and the accumulation of salts in the surface layers of the soil due to evaporation and capillary rise have caused salinization in a part of Qazvin plain that has had adverse effects on the growth of plant species in an area of 60, 000 hectares. In order to control the devastating effects of Salt Marsh development in the area, interceptor drain has been constructed in the central Salt Marsh core. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Effectiveness of interceptor Drain on Soil Salinity and Vegetation Changes during 5 years with 10 exclosures. To investigate the effects of drain construction, the statistical analysis was performed in a factorial randomized complete block design. The results show that the electrical conductivity of deep soil is 18% more than the electrical conductivity of surface soil. The results of comparing the average soil electrical conductivity based on Duncan's method showed that the average soil electrical conductivity was highest in 2013 and the lowest in the fourth year after the beginning of the study. Since the main source of soil leaching in the area of excavated crops is runoff, therefore the most important cause of soil electrical conductivity variations with different years can be related to the amount of spring rainfall. The results of statistical analysis showed that the electrical conductivity of the soil decreased gradually by passing years in the constructed exclosures. The results of variance analyses of vegetation percentages in exclosures showed that the constructed interceptor drain has had a significant effect on vegetation changes during the studied years and the spatial effectiveness of the drain on vegetation changes has been 300 m.

Background: The Long-lasing insecticide impregnated nets (LLINs) is considered as an effective tools for malaria vector control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the residual efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin long lasting impregnated nets (LLIN-interceptorÒ) against Anopheles stephensi using tunnel test.Methods: The wash-resistance of interceptorÒ nets were assessed under laboratory conditions using tunnel test.Females of An. stephensi were released into the tunnel and then they were provided blood meals from guinea pigs.Bed nets were washed according to the standard procedure up to 20 times. The bioefficacy indicators such as inhibition of bloodmeal from experimental animal, knockdown, irritancy rate, survival rate, entry index and mortality were calculated.Results: It induced 90-100% mortalities in the population of An. stephensi up to 15 washes. The KT50 values reduced from 73.47 to 26.30 minutes in unwashed in comparison to one washed, respectively. The mean of mortality rate of blood-feeding inhibition and entry indexes was reached to 91.6%±2.8, 87.0±3.4 and 24.9±2.8 respectively after 20 washing.Conclusion: This net could provide a good personal protection against malaria vectors and could induce relatively high mortality, inhibit the blood-feeding as well as reduce the entry rates of female mosquitoes even after several washes.

Soil salinity and soil salinization as one of the problems facing agriculture and natural resources are of great importance which needs to be prevented with proper knowledge. In this regard, it is important to obtain information about soil salinity and vegetation, such as their amount and distribution. The use of satellite data enables extensive study of soil salinity and vegetation. Since vegetation in most arid and semi-arid regions is strongly influenced by soil properties such as salinity, therefore, this study investigated the effects of interceptor Drain on soil salinity and vegetation changes using remote sensing capabilities in a 15-year interval. Results showed that construction interceptor Drain in Salt Marsh Qazvin plain had no effect on soil salinity changes and vegetation cover. According to the results of correlation test between measured soil elements and satellite image bands, bands 5 and 7 were highly correlated with soil SAR (Sodium Adsorption Ratio) index prior to drainage construction and thus, the two bands after drainage construction had a significant correlation with soil EC (Electrical Conductivity) index. In fact, indices including red and infrared bands showed a significant relationship with soil salinity parameters. Also the results of correlation test of remote sensing indices and ground data in the salinity area showed that SI (Salinity Index) index had a highly significant correlation with soil salinity data.

In order to provide the possibility of defense against maneuvering targets and providing better opportunity for decisions, a general structure for different maneuvers of targets have been provided in this paper. Moreover, variety of trajectories is simulated from radar perspective and the maneuver determination is considered carefully. In order to detect and track the targets trajectory to perform a proper defense, the targets motion must be simulated so that the tracking is to be done with minimal error. In order to present a general structure for maneuvers of targets, in this paper, different models for targets trajectory in one, two and three-dimensional forms for maneuvering and non-maneuvering targets are studied and simulated. As an innovation, effects of detection and false alarm probabilities were applied to the simulations. For all the presented models, trajectory simulation was done and the results are summarized in diagrams in this paper. The results can be used for evaluating different tracking algorithms in different SNRs.

In this paper, radar detection based on Monte Carlo sampling is studied. Two detectors based on Importance Sampling are presented. In these detectors, called Particle Detector, the approximated likelihood ratio is calculated by Monte Carlo sampling. In the first detector, the unknown parameters are first estimated and are substituted in the likelihood ratio (like the GLRT method). In the second detector, the averaged likelihood ratio is calculated by integrating out the unknown parameters (like the AALR method). Thanks to the numerical nature of these methods, they can be applied to many detection problems which do not have analytical solutions. Simulation results show that both the proposed detectors and the GLRT have approximately the same performance in problems to which the GLRT can be applied. On the other hand, the proposed detectors can be used in many cases for which either no ML estimate of unknown parameters exists or their prior distribution is known.

radar network deception through phantom track generation using cooperative unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is an effective way of encountering sophisticated radar networks. In previous studies a method based on virtual motion camouflage (VMC) and path control parameter (PCP) has been developed to design the trajectory of cooperative UAVs during the phantom track generation mission. In these studies, the radar locations are assumed to be known. In real situations, the knowledge of radar locations has an inaccuracy. The radar position inaccuracy leads to an incoherent phantom track. The radar network can recognize the phantom track according to the distance between the false targets created by each UAV. In this paper, the effect of the inaccuracies of the radar position on the generated phantom track is considered. By adding a constraint that limits the flyable range of UAVs, the phantom track is generated such that the probability of the radar network detecting the deception is minimized. The mentioned constraint is specified based on the maximum radar position inaccuracy, the radar error, and the false target trajectory. The simulation results show that using this constraint in the trajectory design for UAVs, reduces effectively the recognition rate of the phantom track for various ranges of inaccuracies.